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Most mesothelioma patients have an epithelioid cell type, which occurs in 70 percent of all mesothelioma cases. It is the most treatable subtype. What is Epithelioid Mesothelioma? Epithelial cells, which are healthy and prevalent in the human body, can mutate into deadly epithelioid mesothelioma cells when exposed to asbestos. Patients with epithelioid mesothelioma often have a better prognosis and more treatment options than those with sarcomatoid or biphasic cell types. Learn more about improving your epithelioid prognosis in our free Mesothelioma Guide. Characteristics of Epithelioid Mesothelioma Graph Icon Cell Prevalence Epithelioid mesothelioma is the most common malignant diagnosis and has the best prognosis. 75 percent of epithelioid cases occur in peritoneal mesothelioma patients, whereas 60 percent of this diagnosis occurs in pleural mesothelioma patients. List Icon Cell Description Epithelioid cells have a clearly defined, elongated egg-shape. Their visible nuclei make it easier to distinguish this cell type. Cell Icon Cell Behavior Epithelioid cells divide faster than other mesothelioma cell types, contributing to faster tumor growth. However, the cells stick to each other, which slows down metastasis. Guide Book Covers OUR FREE MESOTHELIOMA GUIDE INCLUDES: 200+ Pages about your diagnosis 3 Books to improve your prognosis Wristbands to show your support SENT OVERNIGHT! Get your free guide Diagnosis Epithelioid Mesothelioma Cell TypeEpithelioid cell type makes up 70 percent of all mesothelioma diagnoses. Epithelioid cells closely resemble cell types that make up adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, and other forms of carcinoma (cancer that affects the lining of internal organs). Symptoms of epithelioid pleural mesothelioma may include: shortness of breath, chest pain, or pleural effusions. Epithelioid peritoneal mesothelioma symptoms can include: abdominal pain, ascites (fluid in the abdomen), or stomach distention. In order to diagnose a patient, a physician will take a biopsy. By studying the pathology report, the doctor will check for the presence of malignant mesothelioma cells. If cancerous cells are found in the biopsy, a physician may ask the patient about asbestos exposure. The doctor will also use a process called immunohistochemistry to confirm the patient’s diagnosis. Immunohistochemical markers used to diagnose epithelioid mesothelioma are: Calretinin CK5/6 Wilms’ tumor-I antigen D2-40 Immunohistochemistry detects proteins that are used as cancer markers in the cellular makeup of a sample that is taken. It is also the only way to definitively diagnose mesothelioma. Get Matched Treatment Treatment for epithelioid mesothelioma is often the same for the other types of mesothelioma. Fortunately, treatment for epithelioid type mesothelioma is more effective than other types of mesothelioma. Some patients may be eligible for an extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), which can significantly increase life expectancy. If tumors haven’t spread from the pleura to the actual lung patients may take advantage of a lung-sparing pleurectomy with decortication (P/D). Those with epithelioid peritoneal mesothelioma may take advantage of cytoreductive surgery. There is no excepted staging system for peritoneal mesothelioma so finding a specialist and getting a second opinion is more important than ever. However, other standard forms of treatment are also used, such as chemotherapy and radiation. There have also been successes with alternative treatment options, such as gene therapy, photodynamic therapy, and intensity modulated radiation therapy. These types of treatment methods are currently being researched in hopes of developing a mesothelioma cure. Find a Clinical Trial Prognosis Cell type is one of the most important factors that affect a patient’s prognosis. The prognosis for patients with epithelioid mesothelioma is often better than biphasic or sarcomatoid cell types. One study showed that 60 percent of patients who were treated for epithelioid mesothelioma survived at least a year after their initial treatment started. About 25 percent of those patients lived longer than five years. Based on research, epithelioid mesothelioma grows and spreads slower than other mesothelioma cell types. However, factors like age, disease stage, and overall health can impact any patient’s life expectancy. There are many ways patients with epithelioid mesothelioma can improve their survival, such as seeing a specialist or opting for new treatments. Learn which methods mesothelioma survivors used to extend their life in our free Mesothelioma Survivors Guide. Get Help Subtypes Subtypes of epithelioid mesothelioma have different sizes, shapes, and structures. They all contain epithelioid cells; however, these subtypes may react differently to certain treatment plans. The majority of epithelioid mesothelioma subtypes are extremely rare and are often benign. These subtypes are also non-asbestos related. Adenoid – Adenoid epithelioid cells may be present in all of the types of mesothelioma. However, it commonly develops in the genital tract, but there have been rare cases of pleural adenocarcinoma reported. Sometimes it mimics other types of tumors, which may make it difficult to diagnose. This type of benign mesothelioma is more common in men. Small Cell – Small cell mesothelioma is distinct in the patterns of the shape of the cells. It accounts for less than 6 percent of mesotheliomas. It can form in the lining of the peritoneum and pleura. Sometimes it rarely develops in the pericardium. Small cell mesothelioma can sometimes be misdiagnosed as small cell lung cancer. Cystic – Cystic mesothelioma cells are very rare. They are non-cancerous and can develop in the peritoneal or pleural cavity. Asbestos is not the cause of multicystic mesothelioma. It can be treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery just like malignant mesothelioma, but general mesothelioma statistics do not apply. Papillary – Papillary mesothelioma is noncancerous. It is not considered an asbestos-related illness. Papillary is more common in women than in men. This benign type can form in the lining of the abdomen or lung. It can be treated similar to malignant mesothelioma, but the normal statistics of mesothelioma do not apply. Deciduoid – Deciduoid mesothelioma can appear in both the peritoneum and the pleura. There aren’t very many cases that have been documented about this subtype. Of the cases that have been reported, it is more likely to appear in the abdominal cavity of females.
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